HTML Anchor target
Property: Specifying the Link Target
The target
attribute of the HTML <a>
(anchor) element specifies where to open the linked document. It is a crucial tool for controlling the user’s navigation experience, allowing you to dictate whether a link opens in the current tab, a new tab, an iframe, or another named window. This article provides a comprehensive guide to the target
property, covering its syntax, possible values, and practical examples.
What is the target
Property?
The target
attribute determines the browsing context in which the linked document will be displayed. By default, links open in the same tab or window. However, using the target
attribute, you can modify this behavior to enhance usability and maintain context on your webpage.
Syntax
The syntax for using the target
attribute in an anchor tag is as follows:
<a href="url" target="value">Link text</a>
Possible Values
The target
attribute accepts several predefined values:
Value | Description |
---|---|
`_self` | Opens the linked document in the same frame or tab as the current one. This is the default behavior if no `target` is specified. |
`_blank` | Opens the linked document in a new tab or window. It’s commonly used to ensure users remain on your site while accessing external resources. |
`_parent` | Opens the linked document in the parent frame. This is useful when the current document is within an ` |
`_top` | Opens the linked document in the full body of the window, removing any existing framesets. If the current document is not in a frame, it behaves like `_self`. |
`framename` | Opens the linked document in a named frame. This requires that the target frame has been defined with a `name` attribute. |
Examples
Let’s explore some practical examples demonstrating how to use the target
attribute effectively.
Opening a Link in a New Tab/Window
The most common use case for the target
attribute is to open a link in a new tab or window using _blank
.
<a href="https://www.codelucky.com" target="_blank">Visit CodeLucky (Opens in a new tab)</a>
Output:
Visit CodeLucky (Opens in a new tab)
Clicking the above link will open CodeLucky in a new tab or window, depending on the user’s browser settings.
Opening a Link in the Same Tab/Window
To ensure a link opens in the same tab, you can explicitly use _self
, although this is the default behavior.
<a href="https://www.codelucky.com" target="_self">Visit CodeLucky (Opens in the same tab)</a>
Output:
Visit CodeLucky (Opens in the same tab)
Using _parent
and _top
with Frames
The _parent
and _top
values are primarily used within framesets or <iframe>
contexts. Here’s a simple example illustrating their behavior.
First, create an HTML file (e.g., parent.html
) containing an <iframe>
:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Parent Frame</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Parent Frame</h1>
<iframe src="frame.html" width="400" height="300"></iframe>
</body>
</html>
Next, create another HTML file named frame.html
for the content of the <iframe>
:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Child Frame</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Child Frame</h2>
<a href="https://www.codelucky.com" target="_parent">Open in Parent Frame</a>
<br />
<a href="https://www.codelucky.com" target="_top">Open in Top Window</a>
</body>
</html>
When you open parent.html
in your browser, the links in the <iframe>
will behave as follows:
- The link with
target="_parent"
will open CodeLucky in theparent.html
page, replacing the<iframe>
. - The link with
target="_top"
will open CodeLucky in the full browser window, removing theparent.html
content.
Targeting Named Frames
You can also target specific frames by using the name
attribute on the <frame>
tag and referencing that name in the target
attribute of the <a>
tag.
Create a frameset HTML file (e.g., frameset.html
):
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Frameset Example</title>
</head>
<frameset cols="25%,75%">
<frame src="menu.html" name="menu_frame" />
<frame src="main.html" name="main_frame" />
</frameset>
</html>
Create menu.html
:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Menu Frame</title>
</head>
<body>
<a href="content.html" target="main_frame">Load Content</a>
</body>
</html>
Create main.html
:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Main Frame</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Main Frame</h1>
<p>This is the main content area.</p>
</body>
</html>
Create content.html
:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Content</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Content</h1>
<p>This is the loaded content.</p>
</body>
</html>
In this scenario, when you click the “Load Content” link in menu.html
, the content.html
page will load into the frame named main_frame
.
Accessibility Considerations
- Inform users when opening new tabs/windows: When using
target="_blank"
, it’s good practice to inform users that the link will open in a new tab or window. This can be done visually or through assistive technologies using ARIA attributes. âšī¸
<a href="https://www.codelucky.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">
Visit CodeLucky (Opens in a new tab)
<span class="visually-hidden">(opens in a new tab)</span>
</a>
- Use
rel="noopener"
for security: When opening external links in a new tab, it’s recommended to includerel="noopener"
for security reasons. This prevents the linked page from accessing the original page through thewindow.opener
property, mitigating potential security risks. đĄī¸
<a
href="https://www.codelucky.com"
target="_blank"
rel="noopener noreferrer"
>
Visit CodeLucky (Opens in a new tab)
</a>
The rel="noreferrer"
attribute further enhances privacy by preventing the target website from receiving referrer information.
Best Practices
- Use
_blank
sparingly: Opening links in new tabs can be disorienting for users if overused. Reserve this behavior for cases where it’s essential to keep the user on your site while providing access to external resources. - Maintain consistency: Be consistent in how you use the
target
attribute throughout your website to avoid confusing users. đ - Test thoroughly: Always test your links to ensure they behave as expected across different browsers and devices.
- Avoid targeting specific frame names unnecessarily: Over-reliance on frame names can make your site harder to maintain. Consider alternative approaches like server-side includes or client-side scripting for dynamic content injection. đ§
Conclusion
The HTML anchor target
property is a fundamental tool for controlling link behavior and enhancing the user experience. By understanding its possible values and adhering to best practices, you can effectively manage navigation and ensure your website remains user-friendly and accessible.